compact work station for image editing and gaming.

 I had been able to build an amazing compact light gamer, and a medium sized box that can game at 1440 p. I had attempted to upgrade the medium machine with a great AMD processor. But, this failed when i was sent a bad AMD 5900x chip for close to 500 dollars. Amazon was reluctant to take it back. I threw a fit, and finally ended up just mailing it back to them and yelling at customer service.

I bought a small mother board that can handle the new 12 generation intel chips, and the i7 12700kf processor. both mother board and processor arrived in open packages. someone had already tried both items and found them wanting! The processor box had been opened, but it contained a perfectly clean processor in the intel packaging. the mother board was the one that i had ordered, but it was not in an intel box at all. it was in a taped closed bag with a little bit of paper in there saying amazon refurbished. there was no gigabyte stuff in the bag at all, although all of the usual connectors were in the bag.

this mother board was beat to hell. it could not start with any modern memory. it only booted with 2 old 8 gig memory sticks at a very low clock speed. It had physical damage, so that the video card did not fit in properly. The usb 3.2 header did not work at all. I installed windows, and tried to use the board, but it was junk.  I asked for a ups pickup for both board and processor, but Amazon customer service refused to take the processor back! I sent the mother board back, and they sent a new board in a sealed gigabyte box. I placed the used i7 processor on that board, and it all worked! holy moly, it had been months of battling with Amazon.com to try to get parts for a working high end machine.

By contrast, Amazon had given up trying to sell video cards, and the 3rd party company that I chose sent a sealed box containing a NEW and factory tested asus rtx 3080. This is a huge card, with a massive, thick heatsink and 3 high speed fans. to provide a bit of room around the huge gpu, I chose the Sliger Cerberus case. This case can handle a micro ATX motherboard, which is 9 inches square, and has extra room when you use the 7 inch square mini ITX size of motherboard.

Here is how the case looks from the outside. I got the gray color, which is just beautiful in my opinion....

and inside, you can see the inch or so of space between the lower case fans and the graphics card. the case is long enough and wide enough so that the case fans are not blocked by the gpu, and they are able to positively pressure this case. Exhaust fans at the top further enforce bottom to top airflow. There is room beyond the graphics card for a slim intake fan to it's right.

For cooling, I had originally used a much larger 14 s cooler from noctua. this removed heat from the processor super well, but left the memory and other  components of the mother board screaming hot. I have switched to the much smaller noctua NH-L9x65, and i have mounted a 25 by 140 mm fan instead of a 15 by 92 mm fan. This provides powerful blast of air to chill the m.2 drives, the vrms that power the processor, and the other hot components.

I fit in a data center drive, which is great when I use this machine for graphics. It is a 12 T iron wolf from Seagate. very noisy, but absurdly fast. I use it like a tape backup, because it is dozens of times slower than the 2 * 2T m.2 drives fixed to the motherboard. The convenience of having all images and videos on hand in the box outweighs the extra heat generated. There is ample room for at least 2 3.5 inch drives in this configuration. But, even with this large, well ventilated case, It is hard to keep components cool during gaming. This is the most fans that the Sliger company has seen in the case.

Setting up the system for both gaming and image editing is not so easy. The demands are super different. For still image editing, the i7 is fully used only for very short bursts. Fewer fans can be used, and components can be very close in the box. the environment inside the case is cool, with little bursts of heat that have plenty of time to clear out. Gaming at 4k is a hot proposition. the GPU is going at 365 watts, and the mother board and processor can use over 200 watts. The hard drive and the power supply itself make heat, and the entire inside of the case is 'heat soaked' with a certain minimum temperature. The case is a small oven during games, and if the hot air can not be quickly changed, temperature will go up and up until the processor and the graphics card and the drives all slow down to reduce their temperature.

Within the virtual world of the game, a super sized cup of hot coffee is spilling onto your virtual junk. The monsters have become jerky robots that are killing the heck out of you, and you are running in place. By the time you shoot, they are long gone! So for gaming, you get the oven hot by running a benchmark program instead of a game. then, you monkey with the fan speeds, and the voltage that is sent to both processor and graphics card. A perfect spot is sought, where the voltage is as low as possible for stable operation. As the voltage is dropped to these components, they actually go faster and faster, and make less and less heat. at some point, depending on the efficiency of the part that one ended up with, you get unstable video, followed by a crash. When using a benchmark program within windows, the benchmark program crashes, but windows is fine, and the computer keeps running. So, you can make a lot of small changes quickly, without having to restart a large game, or windows itself.

After the best settings are found in the benchmark program, you start the most demanding game, and play it intensely to see if it will crash. The same thing is going on with your heart, where you are running up it's beats to some healthy maximum. With the heart, you can not go until it crashes though! Computer gaming is not for everyone, and it is only fun for people like me who actually enjoy being highly excited and frustrated for long periods of time.

further refinements: 

the low profile cooler splashed a lot of air onto the mother board, cooling the components that were overheating. This was good enough for gaming where the processor is only used intensely for short bursts [to load new game levels]. It heats up, but then the game proceeds normally and the processor has time to cool down while the video card does the hard work. With image editing, the situation is different. the processor has long hard tasks to do, and it heats up and slows itself down. it makes a lot of noise when the fan on the inadequate heat sink reaches 100% and stays there.

I finally realized that it would be OK to use the large noctua c14s heatsink with the fans blowing the hot air onto the mother board. It just seemed wrong to get all that heat from the cpu, and blow it right back onto the hot motherboard components. I solved this problem by increasing the amount of air A LOT. I used the mellow 140 mm a14 fan against the mother board, and the very noisy NF-A14 industrial PPC-3000 PWM fan on the outside. I removed the mellow 90 mm fan that exhausts the case near the processor, and replaced it with the very aggressive and noisy fan that comes stock with AMD processors. 

for fan control, i had to use an aftermarket program that is not included in windows or mac operating systems. It is able to look at temperatures inside the computer, and base fan speeds on the maximum temperature averaged over a period of time. This is actually very important. while gaming, the fans must be aware of the temperature of the gpu, the cpu, the memory and the drives. the fans have to speed up to keep the hottest component cool. It does not matter how much noise this makes, as a slowing of the game is just not acceptable. So, I put the industrial fan on the outside of the heatsink and the aggressive fan that exhausts the case on the same fan circuit. they do not run at all when temps are normal. The fan on the motherboard side of the huge heat sink is plenty to keep the cpu cool. The 2 140 mm fans at the bottom of the case change the air in the case plenty fast. But, during gaming, when the gpu becomes a 350 watt heater and the cpu becomes a 200 watt heater, the industrial fans kick on. It is not noticable then, because zombies are chasing me all around, and my tiny home is being rocked by massive explosions. the 2 industrial fans ramp up in speed, and blow a remarkable jet of hot air across the room.

The cerberus case is set up for 2 120 mm fans at the bottom, but 140 mm fans fit if they have screw holes like the 120 mm. noctua has 2 types of fans like that: a general purpose round frame grey fan and a brown fan intended to fit on heat sinks with 120 mm fans. the fans can be mounted with screws or with special silicone fasteners that they include. wherever one can use the silicone fasteners, i do, because the fan will run silently at low rpm in that case. The fan can vibrate a little without rattling the metal of the case. Noctua has several ways of reducing noise in the case, including inventing special plastics and coming up with new ways to make plastic parts that fit like finely machined metal parts. The builder of computers does not need to learn all about fan design. they just need to pay 30 bucks a pop for each Austrian fan.

i had been using a mini itx mother board in this case, even though it is able to fit a micro ATX board. I found some problems with such a compact build, so i invested in an inexpensive micro atx mother board, the ASUS Prime Z690M-Plus D4. This board is not full of expensive attractions. instead, it has 3 simple m.2 slots  arranged flat on the pcb, and the area around the cpu is not built up tall as it is on the smaller motherboards. Thus, the memory, and the m.2 drives and the other hot components on the board get plenty of wind from pretty much any fan in the case.

the larger board also makes it easy to get into the case with fingers, and make use of fan headers, m.2 drives, and other things without much disassembly. Of course, it allows 4 memory sticks instead of 2, or much more room around a half empty memory stack for great cooling. 

After watching about a thousand you tube videos, from super users like optimum tech, i became confident enough to strip away the fan shroud and 3 fans from my rtx 3080, and replace that with 2 Phanteks T30-120 fans. These extra thick fans drive much more air through the huge heatsink of the asus tough gaming card. It is absurd how cool it runs now, with 4K gaming in the lower 60s C. i can not imagine water cooling a 350 watt video card when this simple modification is so simple and allows such quiet operation. In this case, there is plenty of room for 140 mm case fans beneath the modified gpu.

I removed the data center drive, to further increase airflow and lower gaming temps. Also, the machine runs noticeably faster without the pauses for the drive to start up. I cable managed the result to create large areas of unobstructed airflow. I added an m.2 drive to the empty 3rd slot, to make more storage after removing the huge drive.

This build still struggles with the 2 16 gig ram sticks that i started with. I have purchased the newer 13 generation I5 processor, and set up a graphics workstation using 2 32 gig memory sticks. The smaller memory and lack of hard drive space make this a dedicated gaming and entertainment machine that can tackle small image editing jobs. When needed, the data center drive is attached as a USB 3 external drive. It is actually not any slower than it is in the case, and adding it brings back the system pauses that are no longer very acceptable.

small form factor.... medium sized gamer

 This system is housed in a zzaw b2 case. this case is 3mm thick aluminum, which feels pretty high quality.

as you can see here, the case is sandwich style, using a sfx sized power supply to run parts on both sides of a divider.

This build is a pure gamer, with stress on the gpu, and cooling.

at the top, there are 2 of the ultra quiet 120 by 25 mm fans from noctua. the power supply is positioned with the intake toward the vented panel, and the output facing the exhaust fan. these fans are expensive, but they are entirely silent at 1000 rpm or less.

I used the corsair 750 watt sfx, which happens to have a fanless mode for lower energy demands. the way that the psu is positioned, the exhaust fans draw air though it, lowering it's temperature and further delaying the fan operation.

I used an old intel board with the i5 9400 processor.  this processor got a bad rep because it cost as much as a 12 or 16 thread AMD processor, but it has only 6 cores with no multi threading. just 6 threads. and guess what? for the games that I play, 6 cores that can hold 4.5 gHz can keep up with a very perky gpu.

i used the very low profile l9 [low profile, 92 mm fan] cooler from noctua to drain heat from the chip.

this leaves room for a much larger fan that blows air right around the heatsink to cool the other components. this is a noctua 140 by 25 mm fan. It turns at half the speed, but moves several times as much air.

for the gpu, i chose the ASUS tough rtx 3080, and was able to get the later version with 12 gigs of fast vram. This thing is a tank, with a full heavy back plate, and a metal 3 fan array that really goes fast.

It has no frills, other than an led to light the logo [everything must  glow!], and a little switch that tells it if you want the fan to shut off at light load. from experience, you want to allow air to flow freely through your case without passing through filters, and to clean off the innards pretty often as they get coated with dust. It is a little oven while gaming, and every degree cooler means as more frames per second.

You should always use the quiet mode, because it does not adversely affect performance. the card will make a real racket when the gaming gets busy, but it will not get warm, or stutter. As you can see, the exhaust fans are arranged to pull air through the gpu heatsink and then exhaust it out the top, so again, the temperature that triggers the fans to spin up are not reached very quickly. 

if you try this same combo, you will have to take off the end of the case with the screws and spacers that hold it, and insert the giant gpu from the open end. It is a little hard to get the screws and spacers back in with the high volume gpu! this card comes very close to the solid front panel, and it is actually threaded for a standard sized screw [times 2] If this card was not so rigid, i would have predrilled holes, and bolted it in solid.

As usual with these builds, the screw holes for the end of the riser cable do not line up with the threaded inserts in the case. a single zip tie at lower center holds it at the right orientation. The reason is that there are 100 different kinds of riser cable, and it is enough to confuse even the case makers!

and finally, please meet my assistant Yang.

he is a grey long limbed box cat.

you can look them up on you tube.

this boxcat can be used for size.......

the b2 case is well larger than the boxcat. by comparison, the smaller A1 case that contains my portable gamer fits inside of the yellow case. These small form factor builds are obviously not water resistant or sturdy enough to take blows, so they need to travel in a  padded case.

update:

i purchased a larger case for my medium gaming system. it is now housed in a Sliger b610 case. If you are not familiar with Sliger, they are a custom case maker based out of nevada. Cases are 200 to 300 dollars, and have nearly perfect, no nonsense machining. this larger case allows a tall cooler, and several hard drives. It is not sandwich style, like the zzaw case, so it does not require a riser cable for the graphics card.  more fans can live in the case, so that continuous gaming will not cause it to warm up.

small form factor gaming computers - smallest possible [ 4 liter ] build

 This is my spot for describing the tiny, high performance computers that i have been building.

Although over 60 years of age, i continue to enjoy computer gaming.

And, i am not talking about tetris.

Lately, i am playing Doom 2016 at the ultra violence level, at 1440 p and at 180 frames per second, with all settings on ultra.

Even this somewhat modest level of play requires a high wattage video card and processor.

Trying to keep 500 watts of parts relatively cool in a tiny case is a real challenge.

In fact, it is a very cool game itself!

Feast your eyes on my smallest build, from the mother board side.

The case is sandwich style, with the mother board and graphics card on opposite sides of a divider.

The case is the A1 from a Chinese company called zzaw. Actually, a pretty good case, made of 2 mm thick aluminum. 

the power supply is the Enhance Flex 600W Power Supply ENP-7660B

it is costly, and you pretty much have to swap out the noisy fan that comes built in.

So, this is a pretty hard project for an ordinary builder of large computers.

In fact, i failed to get the Noctua NF-A4x20 PWM, Premium Quiet Fan, 4-Pin (40x20mm, Brown) to run on the internal pins of the power supply. i had to leave a 4 pin fan connector sticking out of the power supply along with the bundle of wires that depart it. So, i used one of the 3 fan headers on this particular mother board, which is the GIGABYTE B550I AORUS PRO AX.

Other items that i used are the samsung 980 pro m.2 drive with heat sink,

and a set of 2 * 8 gig ram sticks at 3.6 gHz and the amd 5600G processor.

In fact, the low end processor from amd can not run an m.2 drive at it's full speed, but an expensive, fast solid state drive is still a useful investment.

The processor is also not the right choice for using with a  graphics card, because it has on board graphics that displace some of it's ordinary processing abilities.

I chose it to run without a gpu during the chip shortage when it was hard to obtain one.

When it tried to upgrade the 5600 G with a 5900 X, i received a bad processor from Amazon. This problem was rampant with the mail order companies at the start of covid.

you would pay full price for a new part, and get an open box with a bad used part.

I also got an intel mother board in a taped shut bag with no gigabyte materials, and it was broken to hell. I tried to send it, and the i7 processor [that also arrived opened and used] back to Amazon, and they refused to take back the processor. 

I had already been banned from reviewing products, because i would reveal their various scams to customers. So, not a huge thumbs up for the company that has become our supplier of everything.

 

Are AMD processors good?

This was my first experience with amd.

These processors are just for gaming, and do not work well in tight cases or for anything outside of gaming. For an example, the 5600 G is limited to clock speeds of 3 to about 4.5 gHz.

That is great for gaming, but terrible for watching a movie. The AMD chip sits there trying to bake a batch of cookies while idling at 1 or 3 % of its wattage. Even for gaming, the intel processors work much better. An intel chip will ramp up to 5 gHz, and just stay there for the whole game. An AMD chip will start at 5 gHz, but pull down to 4.3 when it is loaded. Also AMD gave up on quality control and stopped testing the chips at the factory during the shortage. so, together with the scammy way that the same dead chips are sold again and again at Amazon, you were almost sure to get a bad chip and to have trouble selling it back to amazon. The flip side of the argument is that AMD is reusing the socket for many years, instead of creating a custom socket for each generation of processor. i was impressed with how much graphics power could be packed into the processor itself, but, in the end, this really does not matter. Modern gaming simply does not work well on a processor chip. It requires a card of it's own, with a separate way to remove hundreds of watts of heat.

on the gpu side of the divider, you can see the cute little dual fan gtx 1660 super from zotak. 

this gpu is actually way more powerful than the huge 1660s of the past, because it deploys modern memory that is twice as fast. It allows this tiny box to game for as long as desired at 1080p with ultra settings, or 1440p with pretty high settings and frame rates. there is no ray tracing, and even if ray tracing existed, you would turn it off when gaming using this 125 watt graphics card.

you can see the 4 terrabyte hard drive that is jammed into the slot that has been provided for cables to change sides. i was not sure that this arrangement would work thermally, but with the bare metal top of the drive pressed to the aluminum case, the slim 92 mm fan at the top of the case pulls enough air past the drive to keep it quite cool. It is good that the case maker provided the holes on the bottom, and the tall legs, so that plenty of air could enter the case to be pumped back out through the power supply, and to send a draft past the hard drive, and out through the top. The gpu draws fresh air from the side of the case, and sends it out the top.

All fans are from Noctua, which is the Austrian company that makes the most quiet fans in the world. If there is room, it is possible to swap the gpu fans for Noctuas as well. In this case, there is 1 mm between the fans and the case, so I tied the gpu back with a zip tie and left the stock fans in place.

Performance: the standard way to get smooth gaming is to use a program like msi afterburner, and a benchmark program like heaven, to tune the fan speeds and the voltage for the gpu.

the idea is to load the GPU fully, and to lower the GPU voltage until it looses stability, and then raise it back to the last stable voltage. the fans are tuned to give both cool temps and an acceptable level of noise.
I can go into way more detail, or even create a build video if readers wish to build their own small form factor gamer.  I has been fun to learn more about modern computers. They have become a sort of light sculpture or visual delight, as well as an expensive fun-oven to play with. 

finally, we need to get a feel for the size of this build...

here is my very lovely assistant testing the small build for sturdiness.  He is clearly coiling up for a huge jump, to see if he can reach a very high shelf where he likes to roost. Also, the size is pretty apparent. it is a little small for a cat bed, or maybe even for a cat podium. The A1 case fits in a Pelican 1400 Case.

the only thing better than a cat..... is Two cats!